Is
Ukraine
Hitching Its Economic Cart to Collapsing Horse? Russia
By Walter Derzko
If you only read the
headlines of most newspapers, the perception you would get is that Russia is a
rising regional power with ambitions of becoming a global super power again.
A
public 2009 Canadian military foresight report summarizes the following: “Since
1999, Russia
has been experiencing an economic revival largely based on its oil and natural
gas exports. Unlike the USSR,
modern Russia
is not challenging the world order, only the current power distribution.”
It concludes: Wanting to be a player on the world stage again, Russia will pursue continued relations with
Europe, NATO, and the United States
in order to prevent marginalization and help recreate Russia as at
least a regional power. For the foreseeable future, Russia
will not aggressively challenge the United States or its allies.”
In
fact, this vision of Russia
may be overly optimistic. The reverse may now be true.
In
reality, both Russia
and Gazprom, the state-owned gas company, are both quietly going broke,
which the mainstream media and experts ignore. But wait a minute, you ask?
Isn’t Russia
selling oil and gas like there is no tomorrow? Yes, but that is Russia’s
strength for the time being and its Achilles Heal in the medium and long
run.
Russian
Energy Minister Sergiy Shmatko admitted last November that the Russian oil
sector had reached the point where it needs immediate reforms and a reduction
in the tax burden, in order to prevent a rapid decline of oil production,
starting in 2011-2012. This sector, meanwhile, generates over 40% of Russia’s export revenues, so
that reducing the tax burden on the oil sector when Russia is
already carrying a budget deficiency in the area of 10% is a very
challenging task indeed. Coupled with tumbling oil production, we may see
another collapse of both oil and gas prices in the near future. Europe is not as dependent on Russian gas as it once was.
It now has other options, such as liquefied natural gas from Qatar and shale gas from Poland and Ukraine within the next five years.
Gazprom
also carries a very heavy debt load, and can sustain stability only if its
revenues increase, which looks unlikely. Russia had already depleted most of
its sovereign wealth fund reserves, and is running budget deficiency 9-12% per
year. Under these conditions it will have no resources for bailing
out Gazprom. The recovery of the gas market in Europe will not be
sufficiently fast, and will not produce sufficient demand to offset
emerging competition from Central Asia, Azerbaijan,
Qatar, and possibly Poland and Ukraine in European markets.
Remember
too that oil price manipulation (keeping oil prices artificially low for a
decade) was a geopolitical weapon that was successfully used by the USA (Zbigniew Brzezinski and the Reagan
Administration) in an attempt to bankrupt the former Soviet
Union. It worked.
Back
in the 1970s and 80s, cybernetic experts in Kyiv and Moscow using system
dynamics modelling, predicted the collapse of the Soviet Union due to low oil
prices, by 1990 plus or minus one or two years - not a popular notion at the
time, but key people did pay heed. Two years before the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian and Ukrainian oligarchs
started to move their wealth off-shore in 1988-89.
Similar
systems dynamics modelling shows similar collapse signals and that Putinism in
Russian and President Yanukovych’s regime in Ukraine
will suffer a similar fate as did the former Soviet
Union.
These
geopolitical and economic developments may lead to the economic collapse of
Gazprom in the short term and the Russian Federation during the
second half of the current decade. Russia already defaulted on
sovereign debt in the 1980s and won’t hesitate again to leave foreign bond
holders with worthless paper. Such a collapse, even if it won’t impact on the
territorial integrity of the Russian Federation,
will essentially weaken Russia.
It could lead to the rapid escalation of ethnic tensions in the Northern
Caucasus, massive infiltration of Chinese migrants into Siberia,
and growing separatist movements that will fill the power vacuum. Its ability
to play the role of the superpower may be diminished at the regional level and
over a larger geographical area, which includes Moldova,
Ukraine, Russia, Kirgizstan,
Tajikistan, Armenia,
Georgia, and Azerbaijan,
which may become unstable. The cause of such instabilities are still existent
“frozen” conflicts in Transdnisteria, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Karabakh, and
border disputes in Central Asia. So far, all these conflicts remain “frozen”
because of Russia’s heavy
military grip. As this weakens, the probability of cross boarder and internal
conflicts grows.
So
if the worst case scenario takes hold in Russia,
similar to conditions before the collapse of the Soviet Union, why would Ukraine want to strengthen its economic and political
ties with Russia,
a losing horse?
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