A Fitting Tribute: Remembering Anthony Hlynka

 

Reviewed by Andrij Makuch

From 1940 to 1949 Anthony Hlynka served as the Social Credit Member of Parliament for the constituency of Vegreville, which encompassed much of the Ukrainian bloc settlement area east of Edmonton. These turbulent times saw the Second World War raging throughout Europe, Asia, and North Africa and then the post-war world struggling to establish some sort of order and normalcy from the chaos left behind. During this period, Hlynka emerged as a forceful spokesperson for Ukrainian concerns in Canada, initially as an advocate for Ukrainian independence and then as campaigner for the cause of Ukrainian displaced persons stranded outside their homeland after the war.

All this happened many, many years ago, and the editors of The Honourable Member for Vegreville—Oleh Gerus, a professor of history at the University of Manitoba, and Denis Hlynka, director of the UofM’s Centre for Ukrainian Canadian Studies—reckoned that people had forgotten about Hlynka and his pursuits. They sought to remedy that situation with this book, fittingly referred to in the preface by U of M historian Gerald Friesen as a “tribute.”

The Honourable Member for Vegreville is divided into four sections. The first consists of memoirs taken from Antin Hlynka: Posol Federalnoho Parliamentu Kanady (Anthony Hlynka: Member of Canada’s Federal Parliament), a compilation of materials Hlynka was preparing for publication prior to his premature death (they finally came out in 1982); the second is Hlynka’s diary account of a fact-finding tour of Europe he undertook from November 1946 to February 1947 to ascertain the conditions in which Ukrainian displaced persons (DPs) lived as well as their future status; the third provides the text of about a dozen speeches made by Hlynka, most of them in the House of Commons; and the fourth looks at how Hlynka was portrayed in the Canadian press. An appendix adds a few pieces by Hlynka (which were included in Posol Federalnoho Parliamentu) regarding Ukrainians in Canada. An introduction by Professor Gerus provides some historical background.

There is some truly fascinating reading to be found here. Hlynka’s account of obtaining the Socred nomination in September 1939 (“How I Became a Politician”) and his subsequent description of “The 1940 Election” underline the difficulties once faced by “ethnic” politicians in “English” Canada while also satisfying the political junkie’s desire for the background story. The diary account of Hlynka’s fact-finding mission (“Part II”) reminds us of just how uncertain was the fate of the DPs in 1946–47 and provides a good overview of the sort of hurdles that had to be cleared in order to aid them. Meanwhile, the unfair and decidedly nasty Winnipeg Free Press editorial of April 29, 1942 charging Ukrainians in the city’s North End with perfidy because of the substantial “No” vote in Ukrainian polls during the Canadian conscription plebiscite is chilling.

What also emerges from the pages of The Honourable Member for Vegreville is a portrait of Hlynka as a hard-working MP strongly dedicated to Ukrainian concerns. The product of a relatively poor but patriotic immigrant Ukrainian family, Hlynka embraced Ukrainian integral nationalism after coming into contact with interwar Ukrainian immigrants to Canada (presumably while conducting English classes for them in Edmonton) as well as reading the nationalist literature of the day, including Rozbudova natsii (Nation Building) and Surma (The Bugle).

Moreover, until the mid-1930s he was actively involved with the Ukrainian National Federation and its newspaper, Novyi Shliakh (The New Pathway). It is hardly surprising then that, as an MP, he was willing to raise the question of Ukrainian independence even at a time when the matter was decidedly incorrect politically (see pp. 53–54 in Hlynka’s section regarding “The Ukrainian Liberation Struggle” in this regard as well as The Toronto Star’s strongly negative reaction to what it regarded as “A Peculiar Speech” [pp. 268–69]). Furthermore, his view that “a Ukrainian MP has a moral responsibility to assist Ukrainian Canadians from all parts of the country” (p. 47) added substantially to Hlynka’s workload, particularly since in 1940–45 he was the only Canadian MP of Ukrainian origin. More than once Hlynka notes the voluminous nature of his correspondence and, to his credit, he acknowledges more than once that his ability to cope with it was “directly” attributable to the constant and invaluable assistance of his wife Stephanie.

The majority of the material in The Honourable Member for Vegreville has been translated from its original Ukrainian in a fairly solid manner (i.e., not absolutely literal, but usually faithful to the original and quite readable). As such, the book will make a wide range of source materials regarding Hlynka more accessible to a broad audience.  It will, without a doubt, help reassess the dedicated MP’s place in history.

The book’s editors are forthright in admitting that The Honourable Member for Vegreville is not and was not intended to be a full study of the life and political times of Anthony Hlynka. In view of this finite scope, I will set aside some criticisms and quibbles with one exception, namely, the manner in which the 1942 Canadian conscription crisis is dealt with. The book notes that a substantial number of Ukrainians voted against the proposal and carries an article regarding Hlynka’s intention to vote “Yes” as well as the aforementioned Free Press editorial regarding the Winnipeg results. Yet, it does not mention the fact that Hlynka’s own riding of Vegreville was one of only three constituencies outside of Quebec to have come back with a majority “No” result—truly a significant omission.

Ultimately, The Honourable Member for Vegreville is an interesting and useful source of information about an important Ukrainian-Canadian political and community figure. I recommend it to those wishing to learn more about the history of Ukrainians in Canada.

 

The Honourable Member for Vegreville: The Memoirs and Diary of Anthony Hlynka, M.P., Translated and edited by Oleh Gerus; Project Coordination for the Centre for Ukrainian Canadian Studies by Denis Hlynka

 

University of Calgary Press,

364 pages, $34.95