Roots

By Orysia Sopinka Chwaluk

It was not enough for me to walk along the paths of my ancestors.  I wanted to find the Wakeriak homestead that belonged to my mother’s family and I wanted to create a family tree for future generations.  That meant that I had to go back to Lemkivshchyna now part of Poland.Rolling hills of Lower Beskids, Lemkivshchyna in present-day Poland

My first trip there, in 2007 had introduced me to the beautiful, rolling hills of the Lower Beskids, interspersed with fertile pastureland. I knew that my dido, Grandfather Wakeriak, had built a new house in the Vyshchyj Kinets of Czystohorb and owned 16 hectares of land.  I was not able to find it the first time I was there.  After doing genealogy research at the Mormon Family History Center and talking to my relatives from Lemkivshchyna, I decided to go back to the ancestral village to continue my search.

An uncle had shown me a picture of a house that the villagers called do Danila.  There was a cement well and three old ash trees standing in front of it. This was my grandmother’s home before she married and the whole family lived there temporarily after their house burned down. He said that my Grandfather Wakeriak’s homestead was directly across the river from Danilo’s and that his land extended to the town of Jawirnyk.       

The day I went to Czystohorb, I had a premonition that I would find Danilo’s house. As I walked along the dirt road in Vyshchyj Kinets, I noticed a particular house with a new well and three ash trees.  After spending some time looking at it from different angles, I realized that I had found what I was looking for.  I quickly ran down to the river and blessed myself with the cool water, all the while thinking about my mother as a young girl coming here for water.  Then, I walked along the dirt road to see how the village had changed in three years.  A lot of buildings had been renovated and some new cottages were just about completed.  I walked back towards the house and crossed the river in front of it. I knew I was standing on the land where my Grandfather Wakeriak had built his house and all the land behind it right up to the top of the hill where Jawirnyk started had belonged to his family for centuries.  As if God wanted everyone to know that this land was special, a Lemko cross, surrounded by flowers stood near the property.  Back in the 1950s, a forestry company used the Wakeriak’s house as an office until a new road was built across the property. The house no longer stood.

Three days later, I walked from Czystohorb to Wachaliwka, the part of Jawirnyk the Wakeriaks came from. Using a map to guide me in the right direction, I crossed a river, then a small forest that led me to wide fields of golden grass, a slight hill and then very level land-Wachalivka.  I could picture my mother riding on a horse, bringing the men in the family something to eat for lunch.   When standing on top of the hill, I basked in the beauty of the Beskids in front of me – Komancha on the left, Czystohorb directly in front and Wyslok Welykij to the right. I had found my roots.

The microfiche from the Family History Center that I was working on held records of marriages, births and deaths dating back to 1784 in Czystohorb, Jawirnyk and Komancha. I continued my search for old records in the civic center of Komancha, six kilometres from Czystohorb.  Fortunately, I found an interpreter who spoke fluent Ukrainian and Polish. There, a Polish civil servant read who my ancestors were, while I frantically wrote down the information, my interpreter helping me when necessary.  He also gave me a map of Jawirnyk showing me where the Wakeriak homestead was before Akcija Wisla.  

The Greek Catholic church in Komancha also had records of my family. The parish priest was very hospitable and allowed me to read two old registers, one on prenuptial promises from Wyslok Welykij and the other, a census in Czystohorb.  It was very exciting to find the names of everyone who lived in my grandfather’s house.  Looking through the registers made me feel as if I had attended three big family parties - births, marriages and funerals.  The archives in both Sanok and Peremyshl also had relevant information about my family, but time did not permit me to continue researching and the archives were closed in Peremyshl in July. 

For the genealogy researcher, there’s a wealth of information in the cemeteries adjacent to Lemko churches, with tombstones dating back several centuries. Lemkos take pride in looking after the graves of their dead.  A group of Torontonians, spearheaded by Ivan Olenych, raised funds for the building of a monument to all the dead in the cemetery in Radoshytsi. Today, the church is a kostiol, but the Poles have not yet changed its beautiful architecture.  I found graves of my father’s relatives that I had not seen before in Komancha, Wyslok Welykij and in a small cemetery hidden in the woods in the vicinity of Wyslok Welykij. Pictures on tombstones made names more real.  Unfortunately, the church in Czystohorb was destroyed by fire and the cemetery was raised to the ground by a private landowner.

Searching for roots has not only spurred me on to learn more about the history of the place from where my parents and ancestors came, but has also made me aware of the current problems that the Lemko culture and people must face in order to survive.  Some churches have completely fallen apart while others are in grave disrepair. Many were burned or disassembled by the Polish. Greek Catholic churches are becoming kostiols because of a lack of parishioners or they become Orthodox churches.  The Orthodox churches in Lemkivshchyna were brought there to create a divide amongst the Ukrainian Catholics. 

The Union of Ukrainians in Poland has made an effort to create an awareness campaign about the plight of the Lemkos.  The European Union has funded the maintenance of some very old Lemko churches and a new building for the open-air museum run by the Gocz Family in Zyndranova.  School-aged children are bused from all over Poland to see Lemko history unfold in front of their eyes. 

In Toronto, the Masley Family has a Lemko museum in their home that few Torontonians are aware of.

Those who have Lemko roots should make a point of visiting it. There is very little land left to buy in Lemkivshchyna.  There’s an amazing building boom going on in Southern Poland and I fear the next time I’ll be there, Danilo’s house will be gone. Another one is being built beside it. But dido’s land will always be there.  At least, I’ve had the joy of knowing where I came from.  With satisfaction, I can say I listened to my soul and found my roots.

PHOTO

Rolling hills of Lower Beskids, Lemkivshchyna in present-day Poland